AFRICA ~Africa is the second largest continent. ~It has about 800 tribes and languages, many cultures, and a population of over 400 million. MUSIC IN AFRICAN CULTURE ~Musicians may be trained or untrained. ~Some musicians are professional and some are amateur. ~Musicians come from royalty and the common society. ~Music is passed on from generation to generation and is often changed because the music was not written down and people would make up words that they forgot. USES OF MUSIC ~Used for social, political, and religious events. ~Dance is usually involved. ~Songs may be performed for praising tribal chiefs, rewards, celebrating births, warnings, hunting, work, and entertainment. PURPOSES OF MUSIC ~Ceremonial ~Artistic ~Recreational INSTRUMENTS ~Drums---igbins (Nigeria), dunduns (Nigeria), slit drums (West Africa), tuned drums (Uganda), and talking drums (Nigeria). ~Other Persussion---bell, rattles (antelope ears and gourds with seeds), and mbira/thumb piano, sansa, likense, kalimba (Zimbabwe). ~Winds---horns and fultes made from animal horns, ivory, or bark. ~Srings---kora (West Africa) is the African harp, krar (Ethiopia) is the East African lyre and zithers (Central Africa, Ruanda, and MAdagascar), and guitar-like instruments (Nigeria). HISTORY ~American jazz has its origins in African music. ~The banjo and guitar have origins in Africa.